![]() Semitones are represented by adjacent keys on the piano keyboard: An octave is equal in size to twelve semitones. A semitone, on the other hand, is the distance between a pitch and the very next pitch above or below it-middle C and the B directly below it, for example. An octave is the distance from one pitch to the next pitch above or below it that has the same letter name-for example, middle C to the next C above (or below) it. There, we discussed two different intervals: semitones and octaves. In Chapter 5 we introduced the concept of an interval as the perceived distance between two pitches. ![]() While the keynote may be the most important and defining pitch of any given scale, it is the organization of the remaining notes-the other six scale degrees-that give each scale its unique identity. Major scales-and minor scales, as we will discuss shortly-are named after their keynotes: C-major scales have C as their keynote, A b-major scales have A b as their keynote, and so on. Although this scale is spelled in ascending order and begins and ends on the keynote, the letter G is used twice (G and G #).
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